The Great Western Schism began in 1378, in a period of serious crisis for the medieval West, not only with the Hundred Years War, but also with the various upheavals that agitated the papacy, especially in its confrontation with the King of France, Philippe le Bel. This first led to the installation of the Pope in Avignon from 1309, opening a period of almost forty years which saw the Catholic Church torn apart.
Winston Churchill, along with Roosevelt and de Gaulle, is one of those politicians of twentieth century history who passed down to posterity in the wake of the Second World War. An atypical figure in British political life, Churchill has enjoyed an exceptionally long career. By the early 1930s, Winston Churchill viewed the rise of Nazism in Germany as a threat to Europe.
1945: Beginning of the Battle of Iwo Jima, in the Pacific. 1932: Object of conflicts between China, Japan and the USSR, Manchuria is proclaimed an independent state by Japan. 1871: Belfort, which continued to resist despite the French capitulation, surrendered to the German troops. The city will gain the status of department.
Johannes Gutenberg is considered to be the inventor of modern Western printing circa 1454. Before him, it was the Chinese who first took an interest in the concept of printing with the aim of simplifying the use of their printing. ideographic writing. Discovered and perfected in Europe in the 15th century under the leadership of Gutenberg, the printing press would greatly contribute to the rapid diffusion of knowledge, thought and ideas during the Renaissance.
In the past, throughout the south-east of the Massif-Central, we could hear gritting teeth at the announcement of the legend of the Beste du Gévaudan. It was in 1764 that the Beste appeared on these lands, sowing death and fear. Officially there are more than 200 victims (dead and injured), mostly women and children.
Renovated and enlarged, the Freemasonry Museum, located in the premises of the Grand Orient de France in Paris, has been open to the public again since Thursday. This museum features hundreds of Masonic artifacts - badges, aprons, paintings, as well as a collection of 18th-century Masonic-decorated earthenware.
The invention of the steam engine is the story of a long process of discovery that began in antiquity. Although not the original, it was a major contributor to the industrial revolution of the 19th century. It was in 1679 that the Frenchman Denis Papin designed a kind of Pressure Cooker to study the pressure of gases.
